Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they play a critical role in generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency in biological systems. Through the process of cellular respiration, mitochondria convert nutrients obtained from food into ATP, which is then utilized by the cell to perform various functions, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biosynthesis.

Mitochondria have a unique double membrane structure that allows them to efficiently carry out the complex biochemical reactions involved in energy production. The inner membrane is highly folded, forming structures known as cristae, which enhance the surface area available for these reactions. This increased surface area is essential as it accommodates the proteins involved in the electron transport chain, a key component of ATP production.

In summary, the designation of mitochondria as the powerhouse of the cell stems from their essential role in energy generation, making them vital to the survival and functioning of cells.